|
The Siege of Pemaquid occurred during King William's War when French and Native forces from New France attacked the English settlement at Pemaquid (present-day Bristol, Maine), a community on the border with Acadia. The siege was led by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville and Baron de St Castin between August 14–15, 1696. Commander of Fort William Henry, Captain Pasco Chubb, surrendered the fort. Iberville killed three of the soldiers and sent the other 92 back to Boston. The victory at Pemaquid was one of the most significant the French had during the war.〔Herbert Milton Sylvester, ''Indian Wars of New England'', p. 484〕 The siege resulted in a retaliatory raid by New England forces on Acadia.〔John Reid. "1686-1720: Imperial Intrusions". In Buckner, P. and Reid J. (eds). ''The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History''. Toronto University Press. 1994. p. 83.〕 == Historical context == During much of the seventeenth century, Pemaquid (present-day Bristol, Maine) was the most northern coastal settlement of New England, and Pentagouet (present-day Castine, Maine) was the most southern Acadian settlement, a colony of New France.〔Griffiths, E. ''From Migrant to Acadian''. McGill-Queen's University Press. 2005. p.61〕 During King William's War, the area became a battleground as the French and English fought to determine the boundaries of their empires. In 1689 Baron de St Castin and the Wabanaki Confederacy (Abenaki) captured and burned down Fort Charles, the wooden stockade fort at Pemaquid. By 1692, the English regained control of the region, and Sir William Phipps ordered construction of Fort William Henry to replace Fort Charles (the original fort built in 1677 by order of Governor Andros). The English built Fort William Henry as a fortress to protect the northern boundary of New England. The fort was the largest in New England.〔Webster, J.C. Acadia at the End of the Seventeenth Century. Saint John: New Brunswick Museum. 1934; Acadia at the End of the Seventeenth Century : Letters, Journals and Memoirs of Joseph Robineau de Villebon, Commandant in Acadia, 1690-1700, and Other Contemporary Documents, Edited by Webster, John Clarence. 1934. p. 68〕 The Massachusetts government used one third of its budget to build the fort.〔Alfred E. Kayworth, Raymond G. Potvin. ''The scalp hunters: Abenaki ambush at Lovewell Pond, 1725'', p. 104〕 The fort was built with stone and mortar. There were eighteen cannon mounted in the gun ports of six-foot thick walls that rose ten to twenty feet above the ground. The fort was rebuilt under the direction of Captain John March with the assistance of Benjamin Church.〔William Durkee Williamson, ''The history of the state of Maine: from its first discovery, 1602 ...'', Volume 1, p. 365〕 The commander of the fort was Captain Pasco Chubb. He violated an assembly that was held under a flag of truce, by killing a number of the Abenaki chiefs who were present (including Chief Aspinquid).〔Alfred E. Kayworth, Raymond G. Potvin. ''The scalp hunters: Abenaki ambush at Lovewell Pond, 1725'', p. 104〕 D'Iberville knew that he would require both a land-based cannon assault and war ships to conquer the fort. Led by Saint-Castin, the Abenaki Nation joined forces with D'Iberville at Pentagouet. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Siege of Pemaquid (1696)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|